The Communist Manifesto 001 I BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS 004

❤️ 본문의 번역 및 자세한 설명은 본문 하단에 있습니다.

The Communist Manifesto 001 – I.BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS – 004

The place of manufacture was taken by the giant, Modern Industry, the place of the industrial middle class, by industrial millionaires, the leaders of whole industrial armies, the modern bourgeois.

Modern industry has established the world-market, for which the discovery of America paved the way.
This market has given an immense development to commerce, to navigation, to communication by land.
This development has, in its time, reacted on the extension of industry; and in proportion as industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, in the same proportion the bourgeoisie developed, increased its capital, and pushed into the background every class handed down from the Middle Ages.

We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.

Each step in the development of the bourgeoisie was accompanied by a corresponding political advance of that class

❤️ 위 본문에 대한 번역 및 자세한 설명은 다음과 같습니다.

1. The place of manufacture / was taken by the giant, / Modern Industry, / the place of the industrial middle class, / by industrial millionaires, / the leaders of whole industrial armies, / the modern bourgeois.

   제조업의 자리는 거대한 근대 산업, 신흥 자본가 계층인 산업 중간계층 대신 산업 백만장자들이 차지했다.




⦁ manufacture: 제조, 제조업
– The manufacture of cars has increased. (자동차 제조가 증가했다.)

⦁ bourgeois: 부르주아, 중산층
– The aspirations of the bourgeois family are different. (중산층 가정의 열망은 다르다.)






2. Modern industry / has established the world-market, / for which the discovery of America / paved the way.

   근대 산업은 세계 시장을 형성했으며, 이를 위한 길을 아메리카의 발견이 닦아놓았다.




⦁ establish: 설립하다, 확립하다
– They established a new foundation. (그들은 새로운 재단을 설립했다.)

⦁ market: 시장
– The stock market is fluctuating. (주식시장은 변동하고 있다.)






3. This market / has given an immense development to commerce, / to navigation, / to communication by land.

   이 시장은 상업, 항해 및 육상 교통에 막대한 발전을 가져왔다.




⦁ immense: 거대한, 막대한
– There was an immense crowd at the concert. (콘서트에 막대한 인파가 있었다.)

⦁ communication: 통신, 전달
– Effective communication is crucial. (효과적인 소통이 중요하다.)






4. This development / has, in its time, / reacted on the extension of industry; / and in proportion / as industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, / in the same proportion / the bourgeoisie developed, / increased its capital, / and pushed into the background / every class handed down from the Middle Ages.

   이 발전은 한편으로는 산업 확장을 불러일으켰으며, 산업, 상업, 항해, 철도가 확장됨에 따라 부르주아 계급도 발전하고 자본을 늘리며 중세부터 내려온 모든 계층을 배경으로 밀어냈다.




⦁ extension: 확장, 연장
– The extension of the building will start next year. (건물 확장은 내년에 시작될 것이다.)

⦁ capital: 자본, 수도
– The company is seeking more capital. (회사가 더 많은 자본을 찾고 있다.)






5. We see, therefore, / how the modern bourgeoisie / is itself the product of a long course of development, / of a series of revolutions / in the modes of production / and of exchange.

   따라서 우리는 근대 부르주아 계급이 어떻게 생산과 교환 방식의 일련의 혁명적 발전의 결과인지 알 수 있다.




⦁ product: 제품, 결과물
– The smartphone is a product of modern technology. (스마트폰은 현대 기술의 결과물이다.)

⦁ revolution: 혁명
– The industrial revolution changed the world. (산업 혁명은 세상을 바꾸었다.)






6. Each step / in the development of the bourgeoisie / was accompanied by / a corresponding political advance / of that class

   부르주아 발전의 각 단계마다 그 계급의 정치적 진보가 뒤따랐다.




⦁ step: 단계, 걸음
– Each step in the process is crucial. (과정의 각 단계가 중요하다.)

⦁ advance: 진보, 전진
– The advance in technology is remarkable. (기술의 진보는 놀랍다.)

여기까지 읽어주셔서 감사합니다.

출처 : [구텐베르크프로젝트] (https://www.gutenberg.org/)