The Communist Manifesto 001 I BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS 015

❤️ 본문의 번역 및 자세한 설명은 본문 하단에 있습니다.

The Communist Manifesto 001 – I.BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS – 015

Owing to the extensive use of machinery and to division of labour, the work of the proletarians has lost all individual character, and consequently, all charm for the workman.
He becomes an appendage of the machine, and it is only the most simple, most monotonous, and most easily acquired knack, that is required of him.
Hence, the cost of production of a workman is restricted, almost entirely, to the means of subsistence that he requires for his maintenance, and for the propagation of his race.
But the price of a commodity, and therefore also of labour, is equal to its cost of production.
In proportion therefore, as the repulsiveness of the work increases, the wage decreases.
Nay more, in proportion as the use of machinery and division of labour increases, in the same proportion the burden of toil also increases, whether by prolongation of the working hours, by increase of the work exacted in a given time or by increased speed of the machinery, etc

❤️ 위 본문에 대한 번역 및 자세한 설명은 다음과 같습니다.

1. Owing to the extensive use / of machinery / and to division /of labour, / the work / of the proletarians / has lost / all individual character, / and consequently, / all charm / for the workman.

   기계의 광범위한 사용과 노동 분업으로 인해, 프롤레타리아트의 일은 모든 개별적 특성을 잃었고, 결과적으로 노동자에게 매력을 잃었습니다.

⦁ machinery: 기계
– The machinery was designed to automate the entire process. (기계는 전체 과정을 자동화하도록 설계되었습니다.)

⦁ proletarians: 프롤레타리아트
– The proletarians were often found working in harsh conditions. (프롤레타리아트는 종종 가혹한 조건에서 일했습니다.)






2. He becomes / an appendage / of the machine, / and it is only / the most simple, / most monotonous, / and most easily acquired knack, / that is required / of him.

   그는 기계의 부속품이 되고, 그에게 요구되는 것은 가장 단순하고, 가장 단조롭고, 가장 쉽게 습득할 수 있는 요령입니다.

⦁ appendage: 부속품
– The extra tools are appendages to the main device. (추가 도구는 주요 장치의 부속품입니다.)

⦁ knack: 요령
– She has a knack for solving puzzles quickly. (그녀는 퍼즐을 빠르게 푸는 요령이 있습니다.)






3. Hence, / the cost of production / of a workman / is restricted, / almost entirely, / to the means / of subsistence / that he requires / for his maintenance, / and for the propagation / of his race.

   따라서, 노동자의 생산비는 거의 전적으로 유지와 생존을 위한 수단에 제한됩니다.

⦁ subsistence: 생존
– The family struggled for subsistence during the harsh winter. (그 가족은 가혹한 겨울 동안 생존을 위해 고군분투했습니다.)

⦁ propagation: 번식
– The propagation of the species depends on suitable conditions. (종의 번식은 적절한 조건에 달려 있습니다.)






4. But / the price of a commodity, / and therefore also / of labour, / is equal / to its cost of production.

   그러나 상품의 가격은 그 생산 비용과 같으며, 따라서 노동의 가격도 같아야 합니다.

⦁ commodity: 상품
– The commodity was traded in international markets. (그 상품은 국제 시장에서 거래되었습니다.)

⦁ equal: 같은
– The lengths of the two sides are equal. (두 변의 길이는 같습니다.)






5. In proportion therefore, / as the repulsiveness / of the work / increases, / the wage / decreases.

   따라서, 작업의 거부감이 증가할수록 임금은 감소합니다.

⦁ repulsiveness: 거부감
– The repulsiveness of the task made it extremely unpopular. (그 작업의 거부감 때문에 매우 인기가 없었습니다.)

⦁ decrease: 감소하다
– Demand for the product decreased significantly. (그 제품에 대한 수요가 크게 감소했습니다.)






6. Nay more, / in proportion / as the use of machinery / and division of labour / increases, / in the same proportion / the burden of toil / also increases, / whether by prolongation / of the working hours, / by increase / of the work / exacted / in a given time / or by increased speed / of the machinery, / etc.

   더 나아가, 기계 사용과 노동 분업이 증가함에 따라, 동일한 비율로 노동의 부담도 증가합니다. 이는 근무 시간 연장, 주어진 시간 내 수행해야 하는 작업량 증가, 혹은 기계의 속도 증가 등으로 나타납니다.

⦁ proportion: 비율
– The proportion of women in the workforce has increased. (여성의 노동 인구 비율이 증가했습니다.)

⦁ prolongation: 연장
– The prolongation of the meeting made everyone tired. (회의의 연장으로 모두가 피곤했습니다.)












여기까지 읽어주셔서 감사합니다.

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