The Communist Manifesto 001 I BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS 024

❤️ 본문의 번역 및 자세한 설명은 본문 하단에 있습니다.

The Communist Manifesto 001 – I.BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS – 024

Nay more, they are reactionary, for they try to roll back the wheel of history.
If by chance they are revolutionary, they are so only in view of their impending transfer into the proletariat, they thus defend not their present, but their future interests, they desert their own standpoint to place themselves at that of the proletariat.

The “dangerous class,” the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of old society, may, here and there, be swept into the movement by a proletarian revolution; its conditions of life, however, prepare it far more for the part of a bribed tool of reactionary intrigue.

In the conditions of the proletariat, those of old society at large are already virtually swamped.
The proletarian is without property; his relation to his wife and children has no longer anything in common with the bourgeois family-relations; modern industrial labour, modern subjection to capital, the same in England as in France, in America as in Germany, has stripped him of every trace of national character.
Law, morality, religion, are to him so many bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests

❤️ 위 본문에 대한 번역 및 자세한 설명은 다음과 같습니다.

1. Nay more, / they are reactionary, / for they try / to roll back / the wheel of history.

   더 나아가, 그들은 반동적이다. 왜냐하면 그들은 역사의 수레바퀴를 되돌리려고 하기 때문이다.




⦁ reactionary: 반동적
– The policies of the government were highly reactionary. (정부의 정책은 매우 반동적이었다.)

⦁ wheel: 바퀴
– He turned the wheel to the right. (그는 바퀴를 오른쪽으로 돌렸다.)






2. If by chance / they are revolutionary, / they are so / only in view / of their impending transfer / into the proletariat, / they thus defend / not their present, / but their future interests, / they desert / their own standpoint / to place themselves / at that of the proletariat.

   만약 그들이 혁명적이라면, 그것은 그들이 다가오는 프롤레타리아트로의 전환을 바라보기 때문이며, 따라서 현재의 이익이 아닌 미래의 이익을 지키려는 것이다. 그들은 자신들의 입장을 포기하고 프롤레타리아트의 입장에 서 있다.




⦁ revolutionary: 혁명적
– The new government introduced revolutionary changes to the system. (새 정부는 시스템에 혁명적인 변화를 도입했다.)

⦁ impending: 임박한
– The impending storm forced the residents to evacuate. (다가오는 폭풍이 주민들을 대피하게 만들었다.)






3. The “dangerous class,” / the social scum, / that passively rotting mass / thrown off / by the lowest layers / of old society, / may, / here and there, / be swept / into the movement / by a proletarian revolution; / its conditions of life, / however, / prepare it / far more / for the part / of a bribed tool / of reactionary intrigue.

   “위험한 계급”, 즉 사회의 찌꺼기, 구 사회의 최하층에 의해 버려진 이들이 프롤레타리아트 혁명에 의해 여기저기 휩쓸릴 수 있다; 그러나 그들의 생존 조건은 오히려 반동적인 음모의 뇌물 도구 역할을 준비시키고 있다.




⦁ scum: 찌꺼기
– The pond’s surface was covered with green scum. (연못의 표면은 녹색 찌꺼기로 덮여 있었다.)

⦁ intrigue: 음모
– The court was filled with political intrigue. (법정은 정치적 음모로 가득 찼다.)






4. In the conditions / of the proletariat, / those / of old society / at large / are already / virtually swamped.

   프롤레타리아트의 조건에서 구 사회의 대다수는 이미 사실상 밀려났다.




⦁ virtually: 사실상
– The project is virtually completed. (프로젝트는 사실상 완료되었다.)

⦁ swamp: 밀려나다
– The boat was swamped by the huge wave. (보트는 큰 파도에 의해 밀려났다.)






5. The proletarian / is without property; / his relation / to his wife / and children / has no longer anything / in common / with the bourgeois family-relations; / modern industrial labour, / modern subjection / to capital, / the same / in England / as in France, / in America / as in Germany, / has stripped him / of every trace / of national character.

   프롤레타리아는 재산이 없다. 아내와 자식들과의 관계는 더 이상 부르주아 가족 관계와 공통점이 없다. 영국이나 프랑스, 미국이나 독일 모두에서 현대 산업 노동, 자본에 대한 현대의 종속은 그에게서 모든 민족적 특성을 박탈했다.




⦁ property: 재산
– They bought a property in the city. (그들은 도시에서 재산을 구입했다.)

⦁ subjection: 종속
– The subjection of the poor to the powerful was evident. (가난한 자들이 권력자들에게 종속된 것은 명백했다.)






6. Law, / morality, / religion, / are to him / so many / bourgeois prejudices, / behind which / lurk / in ambush / just as many / bourgeois interests.

   법, 도덕, 종교는 그에게 수많은 부르주아적 편견처럼 보인다. 그 뒤에는 수많은 부르주아적 이익이 숨어 있다.




⦁ prejudice: 편견
– They faced prejudice at every turn. (그들은 매 순간마다 편견에 직면했다.)

⦁ ambush: 매복
– They were caught in an ambush by the enemy. (그들은 적의 매복에 걸렸다.)

여기까지 읽어주셔서 감사합니다.

출처 : [구텐베르크프로젝트] (https://www.gutenberg.org/)