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The Communist Manifesto 003 III SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST LITERATURE 015

❤️ 본문의 번역 및 자세한 설명은 본문 하단에 있습니다.





The Communist Manifesto 003 – III.SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST LITERATURE – 015




It is summed up in the phrase: the bourgeois is a bourgeois—for the benefit of the working class.

We do not here refer to that literature which, in every great modern revolution, has always given voice to the demands of the proletariat, such as the writings of Babeuf and others.

The first direct attempts of the proletariat to attain its own ends, made in times of universal excitement, when feudal society was being overthrown, these attempts necessarily failed, owing to the then undeveloped state of the proletariat, as well as to the absence of the economic conditions for its emancipation, conditions that had yet to be produced, and could be produced by the impending bourgeois epoch alone.
The revolutionary literature that accompanied these first movements of the proletariat had necessarily a reactionary character.
It inculcated universal asceticism and social levelling in its crudest form.

The Socialist and Communist systems properly so called, those of Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen and others, spring into existence in the early undeveloped period, described above, of the struggle between proletariat and bourgeoisie (see Section 1



❤️ 위 본문에 대한 번역 및 자세한 설명은 다음과 같습니다.





  1. It is summed up / in the phrase: / the bourgeois is a bourgeois /—for the benefit of / the working class.

    이것은 다음 구절로 요약된다: 부르주아는 부르주아다 /—노동계급의 이익을 위해.


  2. ⦁ summed up: 요약하다
    – The findings can be summed up / in a single sentence. (결과는 한 문장으로 요약될 수 있다.)

    ⦁ benefit: 이익
    – This plan will benefit / everyone involved. (이 계획은 관련된 모든 사람에게 이익을 가져다줄 것이다.)




  3. We do not here refer / to that literature / which, in every great modern revolution, / has always given voice / to the demands of / the proletariat, / such as the writings of Babeuf / and others.

    우리는 여기서 / 모든 위대한 현대 혁명에서 / 항상 프로레타리아의 요구를 대변해 온 / 문학, / 예를 들어 바베우프 등의 저작을 / 언급하지 않는다.


  4. ⦁ refer: 언급하다
    – He referred / to the notes / during his speech. (그는 연설 중에 / 노트를 / 언급했다.)

    ⦁ demands: 요구
    – The demands / of the workers / were finally met. (노동자들의 요구가 마침내 충족되었다.)




  5. The first direct attempts / of the proletariat / to attain its own ends, / made in times of / universal excitement, / when feudal society was being overthrown, / these attempts necessarily failed, / owing to / the then undeveloped state / of the proletariat, / as well as / to the absence of / the economic conditions / for its emancipation, / conditions that had yet to be produced, / and could be produced / by the impending bourgeois epoch / alone.

    프로레타리아가 / 자신의 목적을 달성하려는 / 최초의 직접적인 시도는, / 보편적 흥분의 시기에 / 봉건사회가 전복될 때, / 이러한 시도는 필연적으로 실패했다, / 당시 프로레타리아의 미발달 상태와 / 경제적 조건의 부재로 인해, / 조건들은 아직 만들어지지 않았고, / 다가오는 부르주아 시대에만 / 만들어질 수 있었다.


  6. ⦁ attempts: 시도
    – His attempts / to learn Spanish / were successful. (그의 스페인어를 배우려는 시도는 성공적이었다.)

    ⦁ emancipation: 해방
    – The emancipation / of slaves / was a historic event. (노예들의 해방은 역사적인 사건이었다.)




  7. The revolutionary literature / that accompanied / these first movements of the proletariat / had necessarily a / reactionary character. / It inculcated / universal asceticism / and social levelling / in its crudest form.

    이 초기에 프로레타리아의 운동과 함께 / 따라나온 / 혁명적 문학은 / 필연적으로 / 반동적인 성격을 / 갖고 있었다. / 그것은 / 보편적인 금욕주의 /와 / 가장 원시적인 형태의 / 사회적 평등을 / 주입했다. /


  8. ⦁ accompanied: 동반하다
    – The singer was accompanied / by a pianist / during the performance. (가수가 연주 동안 피아니스트와 함께 동반되었다.)

    ⦁ inculcated: 주입하다
    – The teacher inculcated / values / into the students’ minds. (선생님은 학생들의 마음속에 가치관을 주입했다.)




  9. The Socialist and Communist systems / properly so called, / those of Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen and others, / spring into existence / in the early undeveloped period, / described above, / of the struggle / between proletariat and bourgeoisie / (see Section 1).

    사회주의 및 공산주의 체제, / 제대로 불리는, / 생시몽, 푸리에, 오웬 등의, / 초기 미발달 된 시기에 / 등장하여, / 위에 설명된, / 프로레타리아와 부르주아지 / 사이의 투쟁의 (섹션 1 참조).


  10. ⦁ systems: 체제
    – The school adopted / new systems / of teaching. (학교는 새로운 교육 체제를 도입했다.)

    ⦁ struggle: 투쟁
    – The struggle / for independence / was long and difficult. (독립을 위한 투쟁은 길고 어려웠다.)










여기까지 읽어주셔서 감사합니다.

출처 : [구텐베르크프로젝트] (https://www.gutenberg.org/)